Bioactive Constituents and Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Cassia Sieberiana DC (FABACEAE) In Murine Models

Main Article Content

Abigail Akhigbemen
Joshua Okorie
Ifunanya C. Ehiejirikwe
Omonkhelin J. Owolabi

Abstract

Background: Cassia sieberiana DC (Fabaceae) is used claimed to be used traditionally in the treatment of several central nervous system disease. This study investigated the chemical composition of Cassia sieberiana leaf extract as well as its oral acute toxicity, anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects in mice models.


Methods: Cassia sieberiana leaves were collected, dried and powdered. Extraction was done by maceration in methanol to yield the whole extract. The percentage yield of the extract was calculated, chemical composition was evaluated using GCMS analysis and oral acute toxicity was evaluated using Lorke’s method. Anticonvulsant and antidepressant studies were carried out using standard methods at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally.


Results: Oral acute toxicity studies recorded no mortality at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. The percentage yield of the plant extract was 7.35%. The extracts at 400 mg/kg significantly increased the latency (p < 0.05) strychnine-induced convulsion but failed to protect the mice from mortality. The extract significantly (P< 0.05) increased the latency to convulsion but did not offer protection at the doses evaluated. The extract did not protect the mice from MES-induced convulsion at the doses evaluated. Doses evaluated did not significantly increase the duration of mobility in the forced swim and tail suspension test. The extract also did not alter motor coordination in mice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Akhigbemen, A., Okorie, J., C. Ehiejirikwe, I., & J. Owolabi, O. (2023). Bioactive Constituents and Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Cassia Sieberiana DC (FABACEAE) In Murine Models. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, 11(4), 8–19. Retrieved from https://www.nijophasr.net/index.php/nijophasr/article/view/497
Section
Articles

References

Natako L (2006). “Honouring the African Traditional Herbalist” African

Traditional Herbal Research Clinic Newsletter. Special Edition—HIV/AIDS.25 years 1(10).

Ezekwesili-Ofili, Josephine Ozioma and Okaka Antoinette Nwamaka Chinwe

(2019). Herbal Medicines in African Traditional Medicine.

WHO/AFRO, author. ‘African Traditional Medicine’. Brazzaville: 1976.

Technical report series, No. 1; pp. 3–4. Report of the Regional Expert Committee

Raskin I, Ribnicky DM, Komarnytsky S, Ilic N and Poulev A. et al., (2002). Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Trends Biotechnol., 20: 522-531.

Owolabi LF, Owolabi SD, Taura AA, Alhaji ID, Ogunniyi A. Prevalence and burden of epilepsy in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based door-to-door surveys. Epilepsy Behav. 2019 Mar;92:226-234. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.017. Epub 2019 Jan 25. PMID: 30690324.

Musa M. Watila, Salisu A. Balarabe, Morenikeji A. Komolafe, Stanley C. Igwe, Michael B. Fawale, Willem M. Otte, Eric van Diessen, Olaitan Okunoye, AnthonyA. Mshelia, Ibrahim Abdullahi, Joseph Musa, Erick W. Hedima, Yakub W. Nyandaiti, Gagandeep Singh, Andrea S. Winkler, Josemir W. Sander(2021).

Neurology, 97 (7) e728-e738

Kanner AM (2003). Depression in epilepsy: prevalence, clinical semiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment. Biol Psychiatry. Aug 1;54(3):388-98. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00469-4. PMID: 12893113.

Olapade A. A, Ajayi O. A., and Ajayi I. A (2014). “Physical and chemical properties of Cassia sieberiana seeds.” International Food Research Journal, volume. 21, no. 2.

Toma,Y. Karumi and M. A.Geidam (2009). Phytochemical screening an

toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of the pods pulp of Cassia sieberiana DC.

(Cassia Kotchiyana Oliv.)African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 3

(2), pp. 026-030.

Sam GH, Mensah M.LK and Nyakoa-Ofori N (2011). “Pharmacognostic

studies and standardization of Cassia sieberiana roots,” Pharmacogn. J., vol. 3, no.

, pp. 12–17.

Lorke D (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 54:275–87.

Porter RJ, Cereghino JJ, Gladding GD (1984) Antiepileptic drug development

program.Cleve Clin 51:293–305.

Vogel HG, Vogel WH (1997) Drug discovery and evaluation, pharmacological

springer.

Berlin:260–261.

Swinyard EA, Brown WC, Goodman LS (1952) Comparative assay of

antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 106:319–330

Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M (1977) Behavioural despair in mice: aprimary

screening test for antidepressants. Archive Int Pharmacodynamic Therapeutics

:327-336.

Dunham NW, Miya TS. A note on a simple apparatus for detecting

neurological deficit in rats and mice. J Am pharm Ass Sci Edn. 1957;46:208-209.

OECD(2001). Harmonized integrated classification system human health and

Environmental hazards and chemical substances and mixtures. OECD testing and

assessment 33:1-234.

Kennedy GL, Ferenz RLJ and Burgess BA (1986). Estimation of acute toxicity

in rats by determination of the appromate lethal dose rather than LD50. Journal of

applied toxicology 6:145-148

Bigler E.D. (1977). “comparison of effects of bicuculline, strychnine, and

picrotoxin with those of pentylenetetrazol on photically evolved afterdischarges,

“Epilepsia, vol. 18, no 4, pp.465-470

Korpi ER, Gründer G, Lüddens H (2002). Drug interactions at GABA(A

receptors. Prog Neurobiol;67:113-159.

Madeja M, Stocker M, Mushoff V, et al (1994): Potassium currents in epilepsy

effects of the epileptogenic agent pentylenetetrazole on a cloned potassiumchannel.

Brain Research; 656:287-294.

Wolfgang L (2010). Critical review of current animal models of seizures and

epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs.

Seizure; 20: 359-368

Singh D. (2017). Leaf phenology of Cassia sieberiana L. in Ksusta campus of

Kebbi State,Nigeria. Sci Technol Public Policy. l(1):23-28.

Khan RM, Soliman MR (1993). Effects of benzodiazepine agonist, antagonist and inverse agonist on ethanol-induced changes in beta-endorphin levels in specific rat brain regions. Pharmacology; 47:337-343.

Macdonald RL and Kelly KM (1995): Antiepileptic drug mechanism of action.

Epilepsia; 36:2-12

Browning RA, Nelson DK (1985). Variation in threshold and pattern of

electroshock-induced seizures in rats depending on site of stimulation. Life

Science. 37(23):2205–2211.

Kasthuri S (2013). A review: Animal models used in the screening of

Antiepileptic drugs neuropsy. International research journal of pharmaceutical

and applied sciences (IRJPAS), 3(3):18-23

Mody I, Pearce RA (2004): Diversity of inhibitory neurotransmission through

GABAA receptors. Trends Neuroscience; 27:569-575.

Ben-Ari Y, Gaiarsa JL, Tyzio R, Khazipov R (2007) GABA: a pioneer

transmitter that excites immature neurons and generates primitive oscillations.

Physiol Rev 87:1215–1284.

Traore L, Bekro YA, Pirat JL and Mamybeva-Bekro JA (2015). “Study of

crude extracts from Cassia sieberiana root bark and Khaya grandifoliola trunk

bark: phytochemical screening,quantitative analysis and radical scavenging

activity,” Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 22–26.

Abdullahi Abubakar Biu1 , Lawan Bala Buratai2 , Mohammed Konto,Joshua

Luka and Muhammed Mundu Hauwa(2013). Acute toxicity study on aqueous

extract of the leaf of Cassia sieberiana D.C. (Caesalpiniaceae) in albino rats.

Biokemistri Vol. 25 (3) 124–126

Benet LZ. Effect of route of administration and distribution on drug action. J

Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1978 Dec;6(6):559-85. doi: 10.1007/BF01062110. PMID: 731418.

Millan MJ . The role of monoamines in the actions of established and “novel”

antidepressant agents: a critical review. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 500: 371–84.

Hollister LE, Csernansky JG (1990). Clinical Pharmacology of

Psychotherapeutic Drugs. 3rd ed. New York’ Churchill Livingstone

De Kloet, E. R., Joels, M., and Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: from

adaptation to disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 463–475. doi: 10.1038/nrn1683

Mannan, A., Abir, A.B. & Rahman, R. Antidepressant-like effects of

methanolic extract of Bacopa monniera in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med

, 337 (2015).

Porsolt RD (1981). Behavioral despair, Antidepressants: neurochemical, behavioraland clinical perspectives. In: Enna SJ, Malick JB, Richelson E editors. NewYork: Raven Press. 121-139

Castagné V, Moser P, Roux S, Porsolt RD. (2011).Rodent models of depression: forced swim and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in rats and mice. Curr Protoc Neurosci Apr;Chapter 8:Unit 8.10A. doi: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0810as55. PMID: 21462162.

Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P (1985). The tail suspension test: a new

method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl).

:367-70.

Gillman PK (2007). Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic

drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol 151(6):737-48.44.

O'Donnell J.M., & Shelton R.C. (2015). Drug therapy of depression and

anxiety disorders. Brunton L.L., & Chabner B.A., & Knollmann

B.C.(Eds.), Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,

e.McGrawHill 13&sectionid=102158640

G. Heninger, P. Delgado, D. Charney(1996). The Revised Monoamine Theory

Of Depression: A Modulatory Role for Monoamines, Based on New Findings

From Monoamine Depletion Experiments in Humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996;

(1): 2-11

Richard C. Shelton,(2000).Cellular Mechanisms In The Vulnerability To

Depression And Response To Antidepressants,Psychiatric Clinics of North

America, Volume 23, Issue 4, 2000.

Schmidt HD, Duman RS(2007). The role of neurotrophic factors in adult

hippocampal neurogenesis, antidepressant treatments and animal models of

depressive-like behavior. Behav Pharmacol. 2007;18:391–418

Kasture S.B and Gujar K.N (2005). Depressant Effect of Trimyristin and Its

Inhibition by Some Antidepressants in Mice.Proc. WOCMAP III, Vol.

Bioprospecting & Ethnopharmacolog Eds. J. Bernáth, É. Németh, L.E. Craker and

Z.E.Gardner Acta Hort 675, ISHS .2005

Dinesh Aryal* And Nadeem Khan(2015).Anxiolytic And Motor Coordination

Activity Of Ethanolic And Aqueous Extracts Of Dendrophthoe Falcata Leaves In

MiceInternational Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, Vol. 6(4):

-08.

Charles E. Griffin, III, MD,* Adam M. Kaye, Pharm D,† Franklin Rivera

Bueno, MS, and Alan D. Kaye, MD(2013). Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and

Central Nervous System–Mediated Effects. Ochsner J. 13(2): 214–223.

Amit S. Kamdi, Devesh D. Gosavi, Suvarna M. Kalambe, and Pankaj N.

Bohra(2020). The Motor Coordination Activity Of Aqueous Extract Of Withania

Coagulans Fruits In Swiss Albino Mice By Rota Rod Test. European Journal of

Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 2, No. 3,

Plotnikoff N, Reinke D, Fitzloff J.(1962). Effects of stimulants on rotarod

performance of mice. J Pharm Sci. 2 Oct;51:1007-8.

H. Kuribara, Y. Higuchi, and S. Tadokoro (1977). “Effects of central

depressants on rota-rod and traction performances in mice”, Jpn. J. Pharmacol.,

vol.27, no. 1, pp. 117–126, 1977.