A Review of some plants with strong antidiabetic components and their medicinal relevance
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, coupled with the high cost and limited accessibility of conventional antidiabetic therapies in many developing countries, has stimulated interest in medicinal plants as alternative or complementary treatment options. This review aimed to evaluate reported antidiabetic plants, their bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential.
Methods:
Relevant literature was retrieved from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Napralert, as well as from selected textbooks. Published studies reporting the antidiabetic activities, phytochemical constituents, mechanisms of action, and plant parts used were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: A total of 40 antidiabetic plant species belonging to 28 botanical families were identified. Various bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides, were reported to contribute to their antidiabetic effects through mechanisms such as enhancement of insulin secretion, improvement of insulin sensitivity, inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, and reduction of oxidative stress. Flavonoids were the most frequently reported phytochemical constituents among the reviewed plants.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the significant potential of medicinal plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Given their high prevalence among the reviewed species, flavonoids warrant further investigation as promising lead compounds for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.
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