Evaluation Of The Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Methanol Stem Bark Extract Of Hymenocardia acida Tul (Euphorbiaceae)
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Hymenocardia acida Tul (Euphorbiaceae), also known as "Heart-fruit" in English, is very popular in African traditional medicine practice. The stem bark of the plant is widely used as an effective remedy for inflammatory conditions and in treatment of chest pain by herbal medicine practitioners. The methanol stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida(100, 200, 500 mg/kg) was evaluated using acute inflammatory models in rodents including: carrageenan-, dextran- and histamine-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced peritonitis and croton-oil ear edema. The highest dose of the extract, administered one hour before carrageenan showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of the oedema response (31.3%) at the 3rd hour and the inhibitory effect lasted till the 6th hour. The extract also caused a dose-dependent suppression of the paw swelling, at 1 hour in the dextran-induced (Control: 70.30±6.90; 100mg/kg: 55.08±9.89; 200mg/kg: 55.34±4.67; 500mg/kg: 48.60±5.87) and histamine-induced (Control: 67.26±6.67; 100mg/kg: 47.59±10.53; 200mg/kg: 47.48±10.30; 500mg/kg: 42.24±8.20) paw oedema models. Administration of H. acida (500 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the volume of peritoneal exudate formed with the injection of carrageenan (Control: 0.93±0.12; 500mg/kg: 0.24±0.03; Indomethacin: 0.23±0.07), without any significant changes on white blood cell (WBC) count, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ion concentrations. All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased ear oedema induced by croton oil but these were lower than that of dexamethasone. The results of the study showed that methanol stem bark extract of H. acida possesses anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran and histamine, peritoneal exudate formation by carrageenan, and ear oedema induced by croton oil. These observations provide support for the use of the plant in folk medicine.
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